See the below research associated with the historical event of SARS and MERS outbreaks and the vaccine development with those incidents:
VERY IMPORTANT (Historical fusion of SARS-CoV-2 virus with HIV) Published 2006 – Preparation of a Chimeric Armored RNA as a Versatile Calibrator for Multiple Virus Assays https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542541/
Authors note:
Because most commercial armored RNA preparations contain exogenous sequences of <500 nucleotides (9), separate armored RNA species are often prepared for calibration of each target in multiple virus assays. To reduce costs and simplify multivirus detection, we are seeking to produce a single chimeric armored RNA species that might be used as a positive control for multiple viral targets. We consider this task to be feasible because the inventors of armored RNA predicted that, theoretically, at least 2 kb of nonbacteriophage RNA sequence might be encapsulated (8). As proof of this principle, we tried to directly package a 1200-nucleotide–long foreign RNA sequence containing gene fragments of hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV-1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV1), and SARS-CoV2 into the original armored RNA production vector pAR-1 (8).
IMPORTANT CALL TO INVESTIGATE – Call for an independent inquiry into the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2202769119
IMPORTANT (Origin study) – Endonuclease fingerprint indicates a synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512756v1
IMPORTANT – Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22536382/
IMPORTANT – Vaccine efficacy in senescent mice challenged with recombinant SARS-CoV bearing epidemic and zoonotic spike variants https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17194199/
IMPORTANT – Prior immunization with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid protein causes severe pneumonia in mice infected with SARS-CoV https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18941225/
IMPORTANT – A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21937658/
IMPORTANT – Immunopathogenesis of coronavirus infections: implications for SARS https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16322745/
IMPORTANT – Antibody-mediated enhancement of disease in feline infectious peritonitis: comparisons with dengue hemorrhagic fever https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6754243/
Manufacturing Vaccines for an Emerging Viral Infection–Specific Issues Associated with the Development of a Prototype SARS Vaccine https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC7149597
Immunogenicity, safety, and protective efficacy of an inactivated SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine in rhesus monkeys https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15837221/
Gold nanoparticle-adjuvanted S protein induces a strong antigen-specific IgG response against severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus infection, but fails to induce protective antibodies and limit eosinophilic infiltration in lungs https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31692019/
A double-inactivated whole virus candidate SARS coronavirus vaccine stimulates neutralising and protective antibody responses https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16214268/
Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14676007/
Vaccines to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced disease https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17416434/
Chimeric coronavirus-like particles carrying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCoV) S protein protect mice against challenge with SCoV https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18191004/
Safety and immunogenicity from a phase I trial of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18018769/
Differential virological and immunological outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in susceptible and resistant transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19297479/